The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint. They keep the ball of the upper arm centred in the socket and help you lift and rotate your arm. A tear in these tendons is a common cause of shoulder pain, especially in people over 40, but it can also occur after an injury at any age.
Signs of a rotator cuff tear
- Pain on the outer side of the shoulder, often worse at night
- Difficulty lying on the affected side
- Weakness when lifting or rotating the arm
- Pain with overhead activities such as combing hair or reaching a shelf
- A clicking or catching sensation
Diagnosis
A detailed examination tests the strength and movement of each rotator cuff muscle. X-rays help rule out other causes, and an MRI or ultrasound may be advised to confirm the size and type of the tear.
Non-surgical treatment
Many partial tears and some degenerative tears improve with rest from aggravating activities, pain relief and a targeted physiotherapy programme to strengthen the surrounding muscles.
When is shoulder arthroscopy considered?
- A full-thickness tear, particularly after an injury
- Persistent pain and weakness despite adequate non-surgical treatment
- Active individuals who need good shoulder strength for work or sport
In arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, the torn tendon is reattached to the bone through small incisions using a camera and fine instruments. Keyhole surgery usually means smaller scars and less soft-tissue damage.
Recovery
After repair, the shoulder is protected in a sling for a period, followed by a staged physiotherapy programme. Recovery is gradual, and following the rehabilitation plan is important for the best outcome.
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for a medical consultation. Please consult an orthopaedic surgeon for advice about your condition.
