Osteoarthritis is a condition in which the smooth cartilage covering the ends of the bones gradually wears down. In the knee, this leads to pain, stiffness and swelling that can make everyday activities such as walking, climbing stairs or sitting cross-legged difficult.
Common symptoms
- Knee pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
- Morning stiffness or stiffness after sitting
- Swelling and a grinding sensation
- Reduced movement and, in advanced cases, a change in leg alignment
Non-surgical management
In the early and moderate stages, many people manage well with:
- Weight management to reduce load on the knee
- Regular, guided exercise and physiotherapy to strengthen the thigh muscles
- Activity modification and walking aids when needed
- Medicines for pain relief as advised by your doctor
- Injections in selected cases
When should knee replacement be considered?
Knee replacement may be discussed when:
- Pain is severe and limits walking, sleep or daily activities
- Non-surgical treatments no longer give adequate relief
- X-rays show advanced joint damage
- Stiffness or deformity of the knee is increasing
Depending on the pattern of arthritis, options include total knee replacement or partial (unicompartmental) knee replacement. Your surgeon will explain the expected benefits, risks and alternatives based on your examination and imaging.
Life after knee replacement
Most patients start walking with support soon after surgery. Physiotherapy plays a key role in regaining movement and strength, and many people return to comfortable everyday activities with less pain.
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for a medical consultation. Please consult an orthopaedic surgeon for advice about your condition.
